National Democratic Party (Egypt)

National Democratic Party

الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي
National Democratic Party الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي
Abbreviation	NDP (Unofficial)
Leader	Anwar Sadat; (1978–1981); Hosni Mubarak; (1981–April 2011); Talaat Sadat; (12–16 April 2011)
Secretary-General	Fekry Makram Ebeid; (1978–1981); Hosni Mubarak; (1981–1982); Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin; (1982–1984); Yousef Wali; (1984–2002); Safwat El-Sherif; (2002–February 2011); Hossam Badrawi; (February–April 2011)
Founder	Anwar Sadat
Founded	2 October 1978
Banned	16 April 2011
Preceded by	Arab Socialist Union
Headquarters	Nile Corniche, Tahrir Square, Cairo, Egypt
Newspaper	National Day; اليوم الوطني
Membership	~1.9 million (2010 est.)
Ideology	Populism; Egyptian nationalism; Secularism;
Political position	Centre
International affiliation	Socialist International; (1989–2011)
Colors	Green; Sky Blue (Customary)
Slogan	"For You" من أجلك أنت "A new vision... for the future of our country " فكر الجديد... لمستقبل بلدنا
Website
	www.ndp.org.eg; (web Archive, English version)
	Politics of Egypt; Political parties; Elections;

The National Democratic Party (Arabic: الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي, romanized: El-Ḥizb el-Waṭanī ed-Dīmuqrāṭī), often referred to in Egypt as simply the National Party (Arabic: الحزب الوطني, romanized: El-Ḥizb el-Waṭanī), was the ruling political party in Egypt from 1978 to 2011. It was founded by President Anwar Sadat in 1978.^[5] The NDP wielded uncontested power in state politics, usually considered a de facto single party, with authoritarian characteristics,^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] inside an officially multi-party system, from its creation until the resignation of Sadat's successor Hosni Mubarak in response to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.

The National Democratic Party was an authoritarian centrist party.^[3] From its inception, it was by far the most powerful of the parties to emerge from the Arab Socialist Union (ASU), the former ruling sole party since 1962, and was as such seen as its organic successor. In contrast to ASU's strong emphasis on Arab nationalism and Arab socialism (Nasserism), the NDP developed into a moderate centrist party. The NDP was a member of the Socialist International from 1989 until it was expelled in 2011 in response to the revolution.^[4] The party was dissolved on 16 April 2011 by court order, and its assets were transferred to the state.^[10]

^ "National Democratic Party". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2019. Since its founding, the NDP has had always dominated Egypt's representative institutions, and according to the party's website, it has had won majorities ranging from 75 percent to 95 percent in every parliamentary election since 1979. The party is entrenched in state institutions and is deeply invested in preserving the political status quo. Under Mubarak's regime, the party was entrenched in state institutions and deeply invested in preserving the political status quo. Prior to the January 2011 uprising, the NDP claimed to have a membership of 1.9 million people.
^ "Egypt's former president Nasser still a divisive figure, 50 years after his death". France 24. 28 September 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
^ ^a ^b El-Mikawy, Noha (1999). The building of consensus in Egypt's transition process. American Univ in Cairo Press. pp. 62 and 66. ISBN 978-977-424-498-8.
^ ^a ^b Ayala, Luis (31 January 2011). "To the General Secretary of the National Democratic Party, NDP" (PDF). Socialist International. Egypt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
^ Arafat, Alaa al-Din (2009). The Mubarak Leadership and Future of Democracy in Egypt. palgrave macmillan. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-230-61558-8.
^ "Viewpoint: Egypt election 'blunder' by Mubarak's NDP". BBC News. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
^ Jason Brownlee "Authoritarianism in an age of democratization", p. 124
^ Marina Ottoway: Egypt: From Semi-Authoritarianism to One-Dimensionality
^ Qantara.de
^ "BBC News - Egypt: Mubarak's former ruling party dissolved by court". Bbc.co.uk. 16 April 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.

[1] "National Democratic Party". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2019. Since its founding, the NDP has had always dominated Egypt's representative institutions, and according to the party's website, it has had won majorities ranging from 75 percent to 95 percent in every parliamentary election since 1979. The party is entrenched in state institutions and is deeply invested in preserving the political status quo. Under Mubarak's regime, the party was entrenched in state institutions and deeply invested in preserving the political status quo. Prior to the January 2011 uprising, the NDP claimed to have a membership of 1.9 million people.

[2] "Egypt's former president Nasser still a divisive figure, 50 years after his death". France 24. 28 September 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.

[nel6-3] El-Mikawy, Noha (1999). The building of consensus in Egypt's transition process. American Univ in Cairo Press. pp. 62 and 66. ISBN 978-977-424-498-8.

[si-4] Ayala, Luis (31 January 2011). "To the General Secretary of the National Democratic Party, NDP" (PDF). Socialist International. Egypt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.

[5] Arafat, Alaa al-Din (2009). The Mubarak Leadership and Future of Democracy in Egypt. palgrave macmillan. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-230-61558-8.

[Auth1-6] "Viewpoint: Egypt election 'blunder' by Mubarak's NDP". BBC News. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2010.

[Auth2-7] Jason Brownlee "Authoritarianism in an age of democratization", p. 124

[Auth3-8] Marina Ottoway: Egypt: From Semi-Authoritarianism to One-Dimensionality

[Auth4-9] Qantara.de

[10] "BBC News - Egypt: Mubarak's former ruling party dissolved by court". Bbc.co.uk. 16 April 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.

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